A theory of nuclear gravity and electricity. By Alan Folmsbee on March 9, 2024.

Sections:

Philosophy of gravity

• Time grows
• Space shrinks into matter
• Conservation of continuum

History of protons and gravity theories

• 200 years of protons and gravity theory
• Curvature of space
• The speed of space S
• The strong nuclear force may be gravity

Inside a proton

• Mirror in the proton
• Mirror in electron
• Mass defect
• Quarks are obsolete
• G = Newton’s constant, relative to proton volume V and a 5ns constant

Nuclear gravity theory: during 2014, the Gravity Volume Theory was proposed. The strong nuclear force is gravity. This theory is compatible with general relativity, so time has the opposite sign from space dimensions.

Time grows. A scholarly reference is linked here from someone else.

Conservation of continuum connects time to space.

Space shrinks.

History of proton’s size, versus dates of gravity theories

---

Time grows out of protons and neutrons as space drains in. The conservation of the spacetime continuum is expected. Therefore a proton volume V is consumed by each proton in five nanoseconds. The following law will lead to a new type of momentum equality.

| 5ns | = | V |

The magnitude of about 5ns equals the magnitude of a proton volume. It is a law.

The relativistic “curvature of space” is the velocity of space (S). In high school, curves were introduced, for general variables. In this common high school sense, gravity has a curved space. The velocity varies with position, so a curve can describe S, the speed of space, relative to something. A nova star can change state when S approaches c.

Speed of Time is Speed of Light (c). Time is emitted by each proton or neutron, radially, at the speed c. Time is then involved with inertia and gravitational acceleration.

Space is treated as a liquid. See reference from other scientists.

The Chain Rule for second order derivatives near a nucleus is written. That can explain how the strong nuclear force could, plausibly, be gravity. Time emerges from inside surfaces in the nucleus and the gaps between nucleons constrains the time emission. Space flows into the nucleus through the gaps between nucleons (protons and neutrons). Time is denser as it passes through the gaps, and time has different densities at various places near a nucleus. The chain rule uses dt/dx for example to implement this algebraic-geometric idea. In other words, impact is expected to be a derivative of acceleration, as the chain rule provides high order phenomena. The derivative of impact could make the nuclear gravity even stronger. 3/9/24

Internal nuclear mirror

Mirror from gravity to electricity and back

Discrete sources of continuous actions: quantum gravity

The mass defect after fusion

Quark theory is obsolete.

__________________________________

A new momentum equality

NV / τ = zA / (1 second)

N is number of baryons in a star, V is proton volume, τ is about 5.1ns (tau), z is height fallen by a mass onto the surface in a second, A is surface area of star, 1 second is the time for a mass to fall in an experiment. This formula allows the 5 nanosecond gravitational constant τ to be calculated. Then, Newton’s constant G can be formulated relative to V, the proton volume. Since V is a value that has some uncertainty, the universal gravitational ratio of V/τ is published:

V/τ = 7.02 x 10^-37 meters³ per second

That volume per second is the momentum of free space per proton or neutron. That linear momentum is used with the angular momentum of Planck’s constant to unify atomic theory with gravitational theory.

History of proton’s size, versus dates of gravity theories

• 1815 Wm. Prout theory of a proton
• 1886 H+ ion observed, hydrogen nucleus was seen with no electron associated
• 1915 General Theory of Relativity published
• 1917 proton was identified in another element by Rutherford
• 1932 neutron discovered by Chadwick
• 1950s proton charge radius measured
• 1960s neutron radius is the Compton wavelength 1.3fm
• 2015 Gravity Volume Theory published
• 2024 proton charge radius 0.8414fm

The history list shows that proton and neutron volume information could not have influenced the General Theory of Relativity. Einstein believed that matter made gravity but he was not familiar with nuclear matter, as we are today.